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Robbins Review Vignettes

Last question answer - Neutrophil., Diagnosis - Acute Bacterial Pneumonia.An experiment isolates peripheral blood cells into a culture medium that preserves their metabolic activity. After interferon-γ is added to this culture, the cells are incubated. Next, a cell-free supernatant from this culture is added to a second culture medium containing Escherichia coli organisms. Which of the following cell types is the most likely source for observed bactericidal activity against E. coli □ (A) Basophil □ (B) B lymphocyte □ (C) CD4 lymphocyte □ (D) MacrophageRevision series -  Scheduled lectures and tests after every lecture - Subscribe here today to give your best for upcoming NEET PG

Next week Schedule

Pathology Revision - Revisited From today we will be starting Hematology Revision in Pathology - Considered the toughest WBC, we shall be reading with a perfect basics and extrapolating from the tiny cell to the toughest lymphoma. And RBC is nothing but a beautiful story.  Let's listen to scheduled lectures -  And finish Hematology soon. Dec 26 - Erythropoiesis & RBC Indices Dec 27 - Hemolytic Anemia Introduction & Hereditary Spherocytosis Dec 28 - RBC Enzyme disorders and Sickle Dec 29 - Thalassemia Dec 30 - PNH, Fragmentation syndrome and AIHA Dec 31 -  Megaloblastic Anemia (B12 and Folate) Jan 1 - IDA (Absorption and IDA) Jan 2  - Anemia of chronic disease, Aplastic, PRCA Jan 3  - Sideroblastic and Images Jan 4 - RBC Test + WBC starting. For students who are joining late -  I would say that - Finish the day's schedule from 8-9pm. And the general pathology from 9-10pm. And extra hour of watching the videos of General Pathology, one could easily complete it along with Hematology and we will be on track for Systemic Pathology and the future schedules ! - Your exam is tentatively by March - And yes you will finish it :) Subscribe here today and revise systematically

Robbins Review Vignettes

Last question answer - Acute rejection. A 53-year-old woman has had a high fever and cough productive of yellowish sputum for the past 2 days. Her vital signs include temperature of 37.8°C, pulse of 83/min, respirations of 17/min, and blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg. On auscultation of the chest, crackles are audible in both lung bases. A chest radiograph shows bilateral patchy pulmonary infiltrates and fluid in the right pleural cavity. Thoracentesis yields 500 mL of cloudy yellow fluid. Which of the following inflammatory cell types is most likely to be seen in greatly increased numbers in a sputum specimen? (A) Macrophages (B) Neutrophils(C) Mast cells (D) Small lymphocytes Revision series -  Scheduled lectures and tests after every lecture - Subscribe here today to give your best for upcoming NEET PG

Celebrations !

Peer Pressure -  Is what I want to talk about today... There has always been someone, known to you telling - See this is new year's time and please do not waste your time now, you miss this time - you will not be able to score in NEET exam, someone in the other part of the country will also sacrifice this time and read and go ahead of you. ! You must have heard something of this sort from your seniors or someone. And believe me this will be there for every occasion throughout your life, not just entrance preparation. So today we shall take an oath, whoever tells this we are going to tell.Thank you sir/ma'am, for me life is more important that my carrier or my exams. I am not saying exams are less important, but the pressure of not going to a dinner on new years eve with family is going to be more traumatic. If you have ever skipped a party, a festival, a new movie release - anything for that matter during your prep, you might have noticed - You will be thinking about what all you missed, more time than the actual event. Right? So why do we do it Anyway we are going to waste time -  looking at the celebrities new year resolution in 3-4 days on insta, fb, twitterAnyway we will not follow our new years resolutionAnyway we will still be worried and sad that you could have read more after the examsSo lets take a resolution this year - Yes, I shall take my time out for the Christmas celebrations (with proper health precautions of myself and the people surrounding me), I shall have a small dinner with my friends and family over the week atleast once, I shall not discuss about studies during the dinner time with friends/ family instead I shall listen to them talk and share our BLESSED 2020 with them... We have taken Corona to our chest and fought and fighting with it with what we can, we can tackle anything in this world. 2020 is really a blessed year, because it might have not rewarded us, but it gave us a valuable lesson of how to survive with so many constraints and still here we are smiling sitting miles apart reading this message !Wish you a Merry Christmas and a Very Happy New Year !

Robbins Review Vignettes

The last image is that of a MVP ProlapseA 70-year-old man with chronic heart failure underwent heart transplantation one month back. He currently has symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. His pulse rate is 100/min, blood pressure is 140/90mm of Hg, and has bilateral pitting edema. The patient is currently on tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. An endomyocardial biopsy is done, and histopathology shows a mononuclear inflammatory response infiltrating myocardial tissue with predominant lymphocytic cells. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?1.Acute rejection2.Hyperacute rejection3.chronic rejection4.Graft vs host disease Revision series -  Scheduled lectures and tests after every lecture - Subscribe here today to give your best for upcoming NEET PG

Robbins Review Vignettes

The previous question answer is Entamoeba histolytica.Identify the the pathology in the post mortem image of Heart given below.  Let's discuss cardiac pathology today - Subscribe here today

Robbins Review Vignettes

A 60-year-old man has had persistent bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever for the past week. On physical examination, his temperature is 38.1°C. He has mild diffuse abdominal pain. A stool sample is positive for occult blood. Sigmoidoscopic examination shows mucosal ulceration in the cecum and ascending colon. On colonoscopy, marked mucosal erythema with focal ulceration is seen from the rectum to the ascending colon. The ulcers do not penetrate the muscularis propria. A biopsy is performed, and the microscopic appearance of the specimen is shown in the figure. Which of the following infectious organisms is most likely to produce these findings? □ (A) Giardia lamblia □ (B) Entamoeba histolytica □ (C) Shigella flexneri □ (D) Salmonella enteritidis Get 600+ Clinical Vignettes along with revision series -  #relearnpatho - Subscribe here today

Neoplasia Ends tomorrow !

We shall be finishing Neoplasia tomorrow. So we shall be having test on both immunity tomorrow. ! We shall have small video on infection and infancy. Along with that, we shall be having a test on neoplasia. Just a few basic terms the day after. With that General Pathology will be over. !  We will be finishing the General Pathology on Christmas !So next ride will be more smooth ! We will be just correlating things and extrapolating different findings and diseases. ! Students who have joined late -  Watch videos from 7-9 pm for the next one week. Bit of more effort starting from today and we shall be smoothly finishing all the backlogs within December end ! - Let the lethargy get over by 2020. And we shall start the new year fresh ! Subscribe here today and let the backlogs be done by Dec 31 ! #pathocubs

Reinforce !

Lobular carcinoma Prognosis. The prognosis of lobular carcinoma is still under evaluation by WHO. There are different studies which quote different prognosis. Since the biological behaviour of the tumour has more ER +ve and the mutation makes it spread earlier. The below are the lines from WHO - 2019. (Latest for breast cancer)"An important observation made in two series is that patients with ILC have an outcome better than or similar to that of patients with IDC-NOS in the first 10 year after diagnosis; however, the long-term outcome associated with lLC is worse than that associated with IDC-NOS" So it will be unfair to decide on the prognosis of the patient just based on Mx alone, TNM staging and the response to treatment will decide #relearnpatho #pathocubs  - Lets learn more conceptually - Subscribe here today Start your revision with our community !

Criteria for PV

We had a question last time on the PRV criteria - 40 year old men came with complaints of flushing. Hb 20g%.  He was not affordable to do mutation studies. The patient underwent a bone marrow biopsy which shows increased in megakaryocytic lineage, rest normal. His EPO levels are normal. The patient Hb and EPO fits to the criteria, but no BM evidence or JAK mutations. So we cannot label the patient as PRV. BM biopsy should have PANMYELOSIS. Let's learn more conceptually -  Subscribe here today to get access

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